Glossary

Please click on one of the links below to view commonly used terms and definitions.

Plumbing Glossary

Hardware Glossary

Lighting Glossary

Plumbing Glossary

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A

Access Panel	An opening in the wall or ceiling near the fixture that allows access for servicing the plumbing/electrical system.
Acrylic	A material containing acryl; a synthetic glassy thermoplastic used on the surface of bathtubs and whirlpools. Generally comes in sheets and is formed to the shape of the mold (tubs/showers) in the factory. Generally fiberglass is added to the back for strength.
Acrylic Sinks	Acrylic sinks are stain resistant but not fully heat resistant. Some models have germ-fighting properties built into the material.
ADA Compliant	Adheres to the standards and guidelines listed by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
ADA Compliant Toilets	The height of the bowl is taller for added comfort and easier accessibility for the physically challenged. The top of the seat is 16-1/2 inches to 19 inches from the floor when installed. They are available in both round and elongated styles but for ease of use, choose an elongated style.
Adaptor	A fitting that joins two different types of pipes together. Or a fitting that joins threaded with none threaded pipe (as in: female adaptor or male adaptor).
Adjustable Wrench	Wrench with one stationary jaw & another that moves up & down on a worm screw in order to maneuver to different size openings.
Aerator	A part at the end of a faucet spout which mixes air and water for a smooth flow.
Air Blower	A mechanical device that forces air through holes in the floor, bubbler ring or hydrotherapy jets in a spa.
Air Chamber	Vertical, air-filled pipe or spring coil, set above the water line to absorb pressure when water is turned off at the faucet.
Air Gap	Air-filled space allowing contaminated water to discharge freely, preventing the contaminated water from ever siphoning back into the potable water supply.
Air Relief Valve	A brass or plastic, manually operated valve located at the top of a filter tank for relieving the pressure inside the filter and for removing the air inside the filter, called bleeding the filter. Also referred to as a Pressure-Relief valve.
Algae	A finish that simulates aging, by eliminating the natural shine of the brass and other metals. Often accomplished by wiping dark pigment across a metal or wooden part. Brass and copper can be exposed to air for oxidization for a naturally aged finish.
Algaecide	Also called algaecide - A natural or synthetic chemical designed to kill, destroy or control algae.
Allen Wrench	A tool consisting of an L-shaped bar with a hexagonal head, used to turn screws with hexagonal sockets.
Angle Stop Valves	Are emergency stop valves usually installed before the water supply line (below) to toilets and faucets. Angle stops are to be shut off in case of an emergency or repair and are generally not designed for daily on and off usage. The difference between a Straight Stop and an Angle Stop valve is that the Angle Stop changes direction by 90 degrees while a Straight Stop does not change direction.
Apron	The apron, or skirting, is the decorative portion of a tub that covers the rough in area from the floor to the top rim of the tub. In many instances the apron is ordered separately from the tub.
Apron Sinks	The front of a Apron sink is exposed and usually juts past the front of the base cabinet and also the cabinetry that surrounds it. Most commonly used a rustic or country-style décor, and are usually deeper than average. Apron sinks usually have no deck, so the faucet, sprayer and soap dispenser are mounted directly into the counter top behind the bowl. This style of sink is also called a Farmhouse sink.

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Backflow	A flow of fluid in the opposite direction of its regular flow.
Back-Placed Drain Holes	If you plan to have garbage or recycling containers under your sink, choose a sink with a drain hole that's placed to the back of the sink, or an off-set drain hole, rather than one in the center of the sink. This position places the pipes closer to the back of the cabinet therefore freeing up space.
Backwash	The process of thoroughly cleaning the filter by reversing the flow of water through it with the dirt and rinse water going to waste.
Bacteria	The ecosystem, both on land and in the water, depends heavily upon the activity of bacteria. The cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur is completed by their ceaseless labor. Decomposition is the breakdown of these organisms, and the release of nutrients back into the environment, and is one of the most important roles of the bacteria. However, you don't want to have bacteria in your water because it can make the household very sick.
Bactericide	A chemical or element that kills, destroys or controls bacteria.
Balanced Water	The correct ratio of mineral content and pH level that prevents the water from being corrosive or scale forming.
Ball Faucets	Also referred to as Washerless faucets. Ball faucets have a rotating metal or plastic ball that regulates the amount of incoming water. To control the temperature, move the ball left or right, up or down. A metal ball style faucet is considered the most reliable because the plastic style ball will eventually wear out.
Ball Passage	Refers to the size of a ball which can pass through the trapway of a toilet. Standards are established based on minimum size ball passage. Ball passage also relates to trapway size. Generally speaking, the size of the trap will be 1/8" larger than the maximum size ball which can pass through it.
Ball Valves	Contains a slotted metal or plastic ball that aligns with the hot and cold water inlets when rotated by the faucet handle. Ball valves are reliable but tedious to fix. A metal valve is more durable than plastic under most circumstances.
Ballcock	A self-regulating device controlling the supply of water in a tank, cistern, or toilet by means of a float connected to a valve that opens or closes with a change in water level. When a toilet is flushed and water is released into the tank, the ballcock will be tripped at a predetermined level to begin filling the tank again.
Basin	An open, shallow, usually round washbowl or sink.
Basin Taps	Sink faucets with separate hot and cold valves that do not mix the water.
Basin Wrench	Tool for removing or installing nuts or bolts in hard-to-reach places, usually under sinks.
Basket Strainer	A device with holes inserted into a drain opening that allows water to pass through, but catches most solids.
Batch Feed Garbage Disposals	Only the batch already under the stopper can be disposed of at a given time with the cold water running and it only functions when the stopper is placed into the drain. This keeps the mouth of the unit closed off while operating, and in turn, prevents you from grinding your hands by accident. The batch feed models are much safer especially around children.
Bidet	A fixture similar in design to a toilet that is straddled for personal cleansing. Some toilets have built-in bidets. They are available in vertical and horizontal sprays and they complement the styles and colors of matching toilets. The user sits astride the bowl facing the faucet to control the spray or fills the bowl with water.
Bisque	Unglazed areas of vitreous china fixtures, such as inside the tank or on the bottom of the bowl foot, have a bisque finish.
Bleed	To drain a pipe of excess air by opening a valve at the end of the pipe.
Blower	An electrical device that produces a continuous rush of air to create the optimal bubbling effect in a spa, hot tub or whirlpool. It is usually plumbed in with the hydrotherapy jets or to a separate bubbler ring.
Bowl	Receptor which contains water & receives liquid & solid body waste; two general bowl classifications are round front & elongated.
Brass	Machined from solid brass stock. Heaviest in weight, durability and usually the most expensive.
Bridge Faucets	A mixer faucet on fixed centers with an exposed, above-sink connection of the hot and cold valves. The spout does not connect directly to the sink or countertop on which the faucet is mounted.
Brushed Nickel	A nickel finish that has been treated to dull the finish. Also known as matte nickel or satin nickel. This finish varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Building Storm Drain	Drain used to receive & convey rain water, surface water, ground water, subsurface water & other clear water waste & discharge these waste products into a building storm sewer or a combined building sewer beginning five feet outside the building wall.
Bushing	Device used to adapt a pipe, fitting, faucet or valve to a threaded opening of a larger size. Has internal & external threads.

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Calcium Hardness	The calcium content of the water. Calcium hardness is sometimes confused with the terms water hardness and total hardness. Too little calcium hardness and the water is corrosive. Too much calcium hardness and the water is scale forming. One of the basic water tests necessary to determine water balance. Minimum level is 150 ppm. Ideal range is 200 to 400 ppm.
Cap Cover	Used to close off the end of a pipe.
Cartridge	A replaceable porous element made of paper or polyester used as the filter medium in cartridge filters.
Cartridge Faucets	Also referred to as Washerless faucets. Cartridge faucets use rubber o-rings inside a cylindrical cartridge to control the flow of the water. A brass cartridge faucet is considered the most reliable.
Cartridge Filter	A pool or spa water filter that uses a replaceable porous element made of paper or polyester.
Cast Iron	A hard, brittle, nonmalleable iron-carbon alloy, cast into shape, containing 2 to 4.5 percent carbon, 0.5 to 3 percent silicon, and lesser amounts of sulfur, manganese, and phosphorus.
Caulking	The sealing of joints with oakum & lead or another caulking material.
Centers	The measurement from the middle of the hot faucet-hole drilling to the middle of the cold faucet-hole drilling.
Centerset Faucets	Are a style of bathroom lavatory faucets also called a Mini-Widespread. They are a 4" center-to-center faucet, pre-drilled for a three-hole installation basin. They have a combined spout and valves on a single base unit, with either a single handle mixing lever or two handles mounted onto a 6" plate.
Centrifugal Pump	A pump consisting of an impeller fixed on a rotating shaft and enclosed in a casing or volute and having an inlet and a discharge connection. The rotating impeller creates pressure in the water by the velocity derived from the centrifugal force.
Ceramic Disc Valves	Consists of two disks in a sealed cylinder that allows the water to flow when aligned. This system is extremely durable - rare leaks are usually linked to the neoprene seals at the water inlets. Repairs are easy. Ceramic disc valves work better as time goes on. They're very smooth and almost as hard as diamonds. Air can't get between them, so they cling like magnets. That's what makes a tight seal in the valve. Each time you turn on the faucet, the discs glide back and forth and get a little more polished.
Ceramic-Disc Faucets	Also referred to as Washerless faucets. This style of faucet is the most maintenance-free. It has two ceramic discs that move against each other, blocking the water or allowing it to pass through. The more you use the faucet, the better it becomes, because the movement itself makes the discs smoother and the seal becomes more watertight the flatter the discs become.
Chain Wrench	Adjustable wrench in which a chain is used for gripping. Best for use w/ large pipes or where other wrenches won't reach.
Check Valves	Valve that lets water flow in one direction only.
China	High-quality porcelain or ceramic ware, originally made in China.
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)	Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride is a plastic product designed for drinking water at temperatures up to 180 degrees (where code permits). Comes in straight or rolls, generally off white colored (orange for fire sprinklers).
Choosing a faucet for a new sink	Choosing a faucet for a new kitchen sink is easy because you can put any number of holes in the sink to accommodate the faucet you want.
Choosing a faucet for an existing sink	When replacing and existing faucet, choose a style that requires the same number of holes in the deck of the sink as the one that's being removed or less than that number. There are cover plates available to hide any holes you no longer need. One-piece faucets, with an integrated handle and spout, need one hole for the handle & spout piece, and if there's a separate sprayer you'll need another hole for that. Traditional faucets, with hot and cold taps, require three holes for the taps and spout and a fourth for a sprayer and if you want a soap dispenser you'll need another hole.
Clamp Straps	Straps used to hold or support pipes.
Clarity	The degree of transparency of the water.
Clawfoot Tubs	Are a style of bathtubs that stands alone mounted on feet. There are dual or double-ended styles; roll-top style, where the inside wall and finish literally 'rolls' over the sides creating a cascading effect; and a slipper style which offers more support while bathing and has a high-back and higher water capacity.
Cleanout	Opening providing access to a drainpipe or trap under a sink; closed w/ a threaded plug.
Close-Coupled Toilets	Describes a toilet with a separate tank & bowl, secured to each other and with a separate tank cover. Also referred to as a two-piece toilet.
Closet Auger	A flexible rod with a curved end used to access the toilet's built-in trap and remove clogs.
Closet Bend Pipe	Connecting the waste exit of the toilet bowl to the soil-stack fitting.
Closet Flange	An anchoring ring secured to the floor. The base of the toilet is secured to this ring with bolts.
Closet Spud Wrench	Tool used to loosen or tighten closet spud nuts, strainers & trap nuts.
Cock Valves	A faucet or valve for regulating the flow of water.
Cockhole Cover	A round cover-plate or disk installed on a sink to cover an unused faucet hole.
Composite	Composite sinks are made from high-tech, high strength, color impregnated composite material that resists chipping and scratching.
Compression Fitting	An easy-use connector for copper or plastic pipe connection, created by tightening a nut and thereby compressing a washer or gasket to form a water tight seal.
Compression Valves	Are the traditional systems on two-handle faucets. Rotating the knob or handle raises a stem and opens water flow. Washers beneath the stem wear out with time but are easily replaced.
Compression-Valve Faucets	These are also referred to as Faucets with a Washer. They are the most common type and work by a stem that rises and fall to open and close the water flow.
Concealed Trap	Enclosing the trapway with a smooth covering, allowing for easy cleaning and an elegant look. Also called skirted.
Console Lav	Also know as a console sink. A table-like fixture with an integral lavatory. A larger wall-mounted bathroom sink, the back is fixed to a wall and the front is supported by consoles (brackets) or 2 to 4 decorative legs.
Contaminants	Contaminants - Taste and Odor - smells of chlorine or rotten eggs or tastes bad, a granular activated carbon type filter would absorb these contaminants. Rust and Sediment - Little particles that look like dirt or sand may collect at the bottom of a glass or when you turn the water on in a bath, they are easily collected by particulate filters. Whole house particulate filters can be easily installed to protect not only your drinking water, but also appliances such as dishwashers and ice makers. Water filters are not effective against clear water iron, which can leave red stains in tubs and toilets; a water softener is required for this problem. Bacteria or Parasites - usually in well water where bacteria and parasites occur naturally in clear water supplies but may be the result of the water supply being contaminated by sewage and wastes. They can cause illness and are a serious hazard to the young, elderly or those with immune deficiencies. Water filters are available with various filter cartridges which are effective against many of these contaminants. Lead - Houses built before 1986 usually have pipes joined with lead solder. Your municipal water system may contain components that are soldered with lead. Lead contained in water is tasteless and odorless, but should be avoided as much as possible. It can be most effectively removed from your drinking and cooking water by installing a lead filter directly under the sink in your kitchen. This filter placement assures that even if you have lead in the pipes of your home, it will be removed from your drinking water. If you are concerned about the possibility of lead in your water supply, you should have your water tested by an independent laboratory.
Contaminants	Taste and odor, rust and sediments, bacteria or parasites, lead and other metal products.
Continuous Feed Garbage Disposals	While operating, the mouth of the unit remains open and is protected by a rubber anti-splash baffle. This permits you to continuously feed waste into the grinder when it's turned on with cold water running.
Continuous Feed Septic Tank Garbage Disposals	They have an automatic septic additive injection to aid in the breakdown of food waste. While operating, the mouth of the unit remains open and is protected by a rubber anti-splash baffle. This permits you to continuously feed waste into the grinder when its turned on with cold water running. The septic tanks models have a replaceable bio-charge cartridge.
Copper Pipe	Rigid form (hard) pipe made of copper and sold in different lengths. DWV (drain, waste, vent) - large size Type K - thick wall Type L - medium wall Type M - thin wall.
Copper Tubing	Soft, pipe like material sold in pipe lengths & rolls.
Corrosion	The etching, pitting or eating away of the pool or spa or equipment. Caused by improper water balance, misuse of acid or acidic products or from soft water.
Coupling	A fitting that joins two pieces of pipe (or other fittings) together.
Cross Connection	Physical connection or arrangement between two separate piping systems, one containing potable water. The other water of unknown or questionable safety.
Cross Handle Style Faucet	A cross handle style is designed to grip and turn from the top and the on/off action is not so easy for children, seniors or anyone who may have difficulty operating the faucet controls. Some manufacturers allow you to mix and match handle components to create a custom handle consisting of handle bases and handle inserts.

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D

Dam	The barrier built into the trapway of a toilet that controls the water level in the bowl.
Deck Mount Faucet	Also known as Rim Mount. The installation of a tub faucet directly on the rim of a tub or on the surrounding platform of a drop-in tub.
Deck Mount Tub	Also known as a sunken tub, the deck-mount tub is usually mounted on a platform and has no apron or decorative side.
Diverter	A valve on a faucet that changes the movement of water to a different outlet. Usually the diverter switches the flow of water from the tub filler to the handshower. They are used in showers, tub & shower combinations, bidets, Roman tub fillers and kitchen faucet sprayers.
Double Offset Supply Lines	Supply lines that bend twice from the connection at the faucet to allow for an 8" floor rough-in.
Double Slipper Tub	A double-ended tub with both ends extending upwards and, typically, a center mounting drain and faucet.
Double-Ended Tub	A symmetrical bathtub with each end rounded and, typically, a center mounting drain and faucet.
Drain	A pipe or channel by which liquid is drawn off.
Drop-In Sinks	Drop-in sinks are mounted above the counter top. They are also called over-mounted, self-rimming or top-mounted sinks. They are usually used with laminate counter tops because the lip can cover the seam where two parts of the laminate are joined.
Dynamic Pressure	The pressure when the water IS flowing.

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Eighth Bend	Bent fitting that connects pipes to each other at a 45-degree angle.
Elbow	A fitting with two openings that change directions 90 degrees.
Elongated Toilet Bowls	This style of toilet bowl has an oval shape and extended front rim to provide maximum comfort, and added style. Generally they are 2 inches longer than the standard round front bowl.
Emergency Shop Valves	Emergency stop valves, also referred to as Straight stop valves, are usually installed before the water supply line (below) to toilets and faucets. Angle stops are to be shut off in case of an emergency or repair and are generally not designed for daily on and off usage. The difference between a straight stop and an angle stops is the angle stop changes direction by 90 degrees while a straight stop is like most valves and does not change direction.
Enamel	A vitreous, usually opaque, protective or decorative coating baked on metal, glass, or ceramic ware.
Escutcheon	An ornamental or protective plate, as for a keyhole. When used for piping, it conceals the cut surface through which the pipe extends and conceals the cut floor and attached plumbing coming out of the floor. Also referred to as a flange.
Exposed Shower	A shower unit that is mounted on the bathroom wall whereby the piping from the faucet body to the shower head is in front of the wall.

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Fall	The proper slope or pitch of a pipe for adequate drainage.
Farmhouse Sinks	The front of a Farmhouse sink is exposed and usually juts past the front of the base cabinet and also the cabinetry that surrounds it. Most commonly used a rustic or country-style décor, and are usually deeper than average. Farmhouse sinks usually have no deck, so the faucet, sprayer and soap dispenser are mounted directly into the counter top behind the bowl. This style of sink is also called an apron sink.
Faucet Handle Styles	Faucet handles typically come in 3 styles, knob, lever and cross. Some manufacturers allow you to mix and match handle components to create a custom handle consisting of handle bases and handle inserts.
Faucet Knob Handle Style	A knob handle style is designed to grip and turn a round or square knob on the top of the faucet.
Faucet Mounting	There are two types of mounting procedures. Some faucets mount from the top of the sink, while others mount from the bottom. Please refer to the manufacturer's installation instructions before proceeding.
Faucets	Every faucet consists of a spout and control or handles to deliver potable water to the kitchen, bath, bar, laundry room etc. They have an inner valve that controls the flow of water through the spout. The quality of the valve, with or without a washer, determines the reliability and durability of the faucet. The best choices are solid brass, brass-based metal or corrosion-resistant working components. Styles include single hole, single handle, two-handle, wall-mount, pot-filler, pull-out spray, hands-free motion activated, 4" centerset, 4" mini-spread and vessel filler and more.
Faucets with a Washer	These are also referred to as Compression-Valve faucets. They are the most common type and work by a stem that rises and fall to open and close the water flow.
Female Threads	Pipe threading on the inside of the pipe.
Fiberglass	A material consisting of extremely fine glass fibers, used in making various products, such as yarns, fabrics, insulators, and structural objects or parts. Also called spun glass.
Filter	A device that removes undissolved or suspended particles from water by recalculating the water through a porous substance (a filter medium or element). The three types of filters used in pools and spas are sand, cartridge and D.E. (diatomaceous earth).
Filter Cycle	The operating time between cleaning or backwashing cycles of a filter. Also the amount of time the filter has water flowing through it each day expressed in hours.
Filtration Rate	The rate at which the water is traveling through the filter, expressed in U.S. gallons per minute (gpm) per square foot of filter area.
Fireclay	A variation of vitreous china that has greater amounts of quartz and feldspar in the clay material. It is denser, thicker, and heavier than regular clay. Fixtures made from fireclay have a more durable, smoother, flatter surface on large fixtures not attainable with standard vitreous china.
Fitting	A broad based term usually referring to faucets, shower valves, and tub fillers. Also refers to various piping parts such as tees and elbows.
Fixed Showerheads	Fixed showerheads are mounted permanently to the wall of the shower unit. Styles include adjustable arm to modify the height, drenching rain, fine mist, sharp spray and massaging swirl spray patterns.
Fixture	Broad term in plumbing/kitchen/bath that could be an entire toilet, sink, tub, etc. Or it could be the devices that provide a supply of water.
Flange	Extending rim or edge at one end of a pipe shaft that gives support or a finished appearance.
Flapper	Also known as flush ball, the flapper is the moving part of the flush valve that seals the water into the tank or allows water to exit the tank for the flush cycle.
Flexible Water Connector	Usually a braided hose that connects your faucet or toilet to the water supply stop valve. The same function as a riser, but much more flexible and easier to install. Most often Stainless Steel Braided hose or PVC/Polyester re-enforced hose.
Float Arm	Wire arm connecting the float ball at one end to the ball cock assembly at the other end of the toilet tank.
Float Ball	Floating ball connected to the ball cock inside the tank, which rises or falls w/ changing water levels in the tank & actuates or shuts off the ball cock as needed.
Flocculation	The process by which small particles of fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.
Floor Flange	Fitting that connects a toilet to the floor & drainpipe.
Flush	Having surfaces in the same plane; even.
Flush Valves	Is the valve located in the toilet flush tank, which opens when the trip lever is actuated & closes when the tank has drained to the desired level. The larger the valve the higher rate of water flow. The high-flow 3 inch valve gives the maximum water flow.
Flushing Surface	The interior surface of the bowl and all other surfaces which may come into contact with water during flushing.
Flush-Mounted Sinks	Flush-mounted sinks are mounted level with the counter top. Usually the sink and the counter top are one integrated unit.
Flushometer Tank System	Pressurized air forces water into the bowl when flushed reducing the chance for clogs. This system is a little noisier than the gravity-flush system, but is ideal for little children when they flush a lot of paper down the toilet. Pressure-assisted toilets can also aid in reducing excessive sweating/condensation on the outside of the tank. Also known as a pressure-assisted tank system.
Flux	A substance that aids, induces, or otherwise actively participates in fusing or flowing, as a substance applied to a surface to be joined by welding, soldering, or brazing to facilitate the flowing of solder and prevent formation of oxides.

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Gallons Per Flush - GPF	Today's toilets, per federal law, are only allowed to deliver 1.6gpf or less. In many years past, toilets flushed as much as 7-8gpf.
Garbage Disposals-Batch Feed	Only the batch already under the stopper can be disposed of at a given time with the cold water running and it only functions when the stopper is placed into the drain. This keeps the mouth of the unit closed off while operating, and in turn, prevents you from grinding your hands by accident. The batch feed models are much safer especially around children.
Garbage Disposals-Continuous Feed	While operating, the mouth of the unit remains open and is protected by a rubber anti-splash baffle. This permits you to continuously feed waste into the grinder when its turned on with cold water running.
Garbage Disposals-Septic Tank	They have an automatic septic additive injection to aid in the breakdown of food waste. While operating, the mouth of the unit remains open and is protected by a rubber anti-splash baffle. This permits you to continuously feed waste into the grinder when its turned on with cold water running. The septic tanks models have a replaceable bio-charge cartridge.
Gasket	Flat device, usually made of fiber or rubber, used to provide a watertight seal between metal parts of joints.
Gelcoat	A colored, polyester-resin material applied to the surface of a molded part. The gelcoat hardens to a smooth, durable form and becomes an integral part of the laminate. Fiberglass pools and spas have gelcoat finishes.
Glaze	Glossy, water-resistant, colored finish surface on vitreous china plumbing fixtures.
Grab Rail	A tubular steel or plastic device that can be gripped by swimmers or bathers for the purpose of steadying themselves.
Grade	Slope or pitch, known as "the fall", usually expressed in drainage piping as a fraction of an inch per foot.
Gravity Operated Toilets	Toilet which relies on the natural downward pressure of water in a toilet tank to flush the toilet effectively.
Gravity-Flush System	This system uses the weight of the water in the tank to generate flushing pressure. The pressure forces the water from the tank into the bowl, then through the S-shaped trapway. A siphoning action completes the flush. This flushing system is quieter than the pressure-assisted system, simple, and requires less maintenance than other, more complex flushing systems, but can clog up.
Gray Water	Household water recycled from sinks, bathtubs, washing machine and showers used to water a structure's landscaping.

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Hand Rail	A tubular steel or plastic device that can be gripped by swimmers or bathers for the purpose of steadying themselves.
Hand-Held Showerheads	And Hand-held are connected to the wall by a flexible tube or hose, allowing for a range of motion. Usually, hand-held showerheads hang from a fixed-mount bracket or a slide bar which is useful for bathing children and pets, and they make cleaning the shower and tub a breeze.
Hands-Free Faucets	This motion-activated faucet has an electronic sensor that operates automatically when placing your hands under the spout. This hands-free operation makes it easy to rinse off hands in a flash and is perfect for sinks used by children, seniors, or anyone who may have difficulty operating faucet controls. Some models are temperature controlled or others have interchangeable color temperature control handles that are easy-to-use by adjusting the temperature and placing your hands under the spout which activates the water flow.
Handshower	A showerhead designed with a handle that is connected to a water supply via a flexible hose.
Hardness	The amount of calcium and magnesium dissolved in the water. "Water" or "total" hardness refers to the total magnesium and calcium dissolved in the water. Calcium hardness refers to just the calcium. Measured by a test kit and expressed as ppm. The proper range is 200 to 400 ppm.
High-Tank Toilet	A toilet with a separate tank and bowl with the tank mounted to the wall high above the bowl. Also called a pull-chain toilet.
Horsepower	1 horsepower is equivalent to 746 watts. Rate of speed that an engine runs.
Hose Bib	Valve with an external threaded outlet for accepting a hose fitting.
Hot Tub	A very large tub made of ceramic, acrylic, wood, or another substance and filled with hot water in which one or more bathers may soak.
Hot Water Dispensers	A hot water dispenser is like another faucet on your kitchen sink that is made for instant, near boiling 190 degree F water, for a cup of tea, food prep etc. Models dispense 40 cups, 60 cups and 100 cups per hour. Some models will let you draw as much as two quarts of near-boiling water at one time. Click here for more information Hot Water Dispensers
Hot Water Main	Primary pipe that conducts hot water to various fixtures in the home.
Hot Water System Protectors	Installs on the cold water feed line before entering the water heater or boiler to maintain the efficiency by preventing scale build-up and corrosion of pipes.
House Trap	U-shaped fitting w/ two adjacent clean out plugs, visible at floor level if main drain runs under the floor.
Hub	Cast iron DWV pipe w/ one bell shaped end called a hub or a bell & one lipped end called a spigot. The spigot end of the pipe fits into the hub of another. It's caulked w/ oakum or sealed w/ molten lead or cold lead wool.
Hubless	Cast iron pipe w/ neoprene gaskets & clamps. Easier to use than hub pipe.

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Ice Maker Water Filters	Ice maker water filters, or refrigerator water filters, come complete with all the necessary hardware for installation. Refrigerator filters eliminate the problem of ice maker clogging and corrosion due to contaminants from the inline water system. By installing a filtering system you extend the life of your equipment. Each filter gives up to six months of great tasting water with average use.
Influent	The water entering the pump, the filter or other equipment of space. Water going into the pump is called influent, while water leaving the pump is called the effluent.
Insulated Toilet Tanks	Many toilet tanks can be order with this feature which helps prevent the tank from "sweating". Pressure assisted toilet tanks are usually suggested and don't require special insulation.
Integral Stops	Stops that allow the owner to shut off water supply at the faucet for maintenance without shutting off the water supply to the entire facility or home.
Integral Vacuum Breaker	An integral vacuum breaker is typically used in a sink or shower sprayer to keep water from backflowing into the cities fresh water supply.
Ionizer	A water-sanitation device that uses electricity to generate metal ions, which are dispersed in the water. It works by passing a low-voltage DC current through a set of metallic (usually copper and silver) electrodes placed in line with the circulation equipment. The copper is an algaecide, while the silver is a bactericide. Does not remove swimmer waste.
IPS	Iron Pipe Size. Standard pipe threading, measured by the inside of the pipe.

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J-Bend	Drainpipe in the shape of "J" which is used with an elbow in a trap.
Jet	An orifice or other feature of a toilet that is designed to direct water into the trapway quickly, to start the siphon action.
Jigsaw	Used for cutting tight curves as well as long, straight runs. Designed for use w/ wood, plywood, plastics, metal & some laminates.
Joint runner	Collar like device that keeps molten lead in place while sealing a joint in a horizontal run of cast iron pipe.

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L

Lavatory	A fixed bowl or basin with running water and drainage for washing. Many use the word "Lavatory" as meaning a bathroom.
Lead	Heavy metal used to seal cast iron pipe.
Lever Handle Style Faucet	A lever handle style is designed to grip and turn and the on/off action is perfect for children, seniors or anyone who may have difficulty operating faucet controls. Some manufacturers allow you to mix and match handle components to create a custom handle consisting of handle bases and handle inserts.
Lift & Turn Drain	A drain that utilizes a stopper controlled by the motion of lifting and turning the stopper by hand.
Lock Nut	Nut fitted into a piece of pipe & screwed onto another pipe to join the two pieces.
Loctite	A waterproof adhesive used to secure threaded connections on pipes.
Low Consumption Toilets	Classification of a toilet that is designed to flush using 1.6 or less gallons of water, as opposed to 3.5 gallon Water-Saving toilets, and other higher-consumption toilets.
Low-Flow Showerheads	This refers to energy-saving showerheads which use less water than a standard model which uses approximately 2.5 gallons per minute at a pressure of 80psi.

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Main Drain	Line that collects discharge from branch waste lines & carries it to outer foundation wall, where it connects to the sewer line.
Male Threads	Pipe threading on the outside of the pipe.
Manifold	The branch pipe arrangement that connects several input pipes into one chamber or one chamber into several output pipes. A filter manifold connects several input pipes from the filter septa back into one common pipe.
Matt Nickel	A nickel finish that has been treated to dull the finish. Also known as satin nickel or brushed nickel.
Mineral	A naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystalline structure, color, and hardness.
Mini Widespread Faucets	Are a style of bathroom lavatory faucet also called a Centerset. They are a 4" center-to-center faucet, pre-drilled for a three-hole installation basin. They have a combined spout and valves on a single base unit, with either a single handle mixing lever or two handles mounted onto a 6" plate.
Micron	A unit of length equal to one millionth (10-6) of a meter. Microns are used to describe the pore size of filter media.
Mixing Valve	A faucet valve used to combine hot and cold water to achieve desired water temperature.
Multi-Port Valves	Also called a rotary-type backwash valve - This valve replaces as many as 6 regular gate valves. Water from the pump can be diverted for various functions by merely turning the valve handle. The water may be sent to waste, used for backwashing, bypassing the filter for maximum circulation, for normal filtration, filtering to waste (rinse), or the valve may be closed to not pass water.

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Neo Angle base	The neo angle shower base is designed to allow the shower to fit in a corner using minimal floor space while maintaining an elegant look.
Nipple	A short piece of pipe threaded on both ends. Used to extend connections.
Nitrogen	A gas that causes algae to bloom and disables chlorine. It is brought into the water each time it rains. Maintaining proper chlorine levels will prevent nitrogen from becoming a problem. Super chlorination will remove nitrogen and its related compounds.

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Oakum	Loose hemp or jute fiber, sometimes treated with tar, creosote, or asphalt, used chiefly for caulking seams in wooden ships and packing pipe joints.
OD	Outside Diameter. The measurement of a pipe from outside edge to outside edge.
One-Piece Toilets	A toilet in which the tank and bowl are manufactured as a single vitreous china or glazed china fixture. Typically, one-piece toilets have a lower profile than two-piece toilets and there's no leakage between the bowl and tank.
O-Ring	Round rubber washer used to create a watertight seal, chiefly around valve stems.
Overflow Tube	Vertical tube inside a toilet tank (usually part of the flush valve), which directs water into the bowl in case the ball cock malfunctions.
Oxidation	To rid the water of ammonia, nitrogen compounds and swimmer waste (organic compounds). These organic compounds disable chlorine, are body irritants and have a foul smell. Removal is accomplished by super chlorination or by shock treating with a non-chlorine oxidizer.

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Packing Nut	Nut that holds the stem of faucet in position & contains or confines the packing material.
Passageway	In a toilet, the channel, or snake-like tubing, that connects the bowl to the waste outlet. The trapway is where siphonic action takes place. The trapway is measured in terms of the largest diameter ball which can pass through it. Also referred to as trapway.
Pedestal Sink	A bathroom sink that sits on a column. The column is designed to hide the plumbing of the drain and P-trap.
Pedestal Tub	A tub sitting on a base instead of feet, usually as in clawfoot tubs.
Petcock	A small, manually operated faucet or valve for draining off liquids or releasing air pressure. The air-relief valve on a filter is an example.
Physical Vapor Deposition - PVD	This is a modern plating process used in faucet manufacturing. Vaporized zirconium reacts with nitrogen and other gases to form a VERY durable plated surface. Unlike former days when polished brass would easily tarnish over time, polished brass finishes with PVD are extremely durable and won't generally tarnish or discolor.
Pipe Cutter	A tool for cutting pipe.
Pipe Joint Compound	Material used as lubrication or sealer on threads of pipes & fittings.
Pipe Wrench	A wrench with two serrated jaws, one adjustable, for gripping and turning pipe.
Pitch	Downward slope of a drain pipe in the direction of liquid flow.
Plastics	Originally some manufacturers were using PVC shells on their colored products, but most use a baked-on powder coating process or an electroplating process to ensure durability.
Plumb	In a vertical or perpendicular line.
Plumber's Putty	A pliable substance used to seal joints between pipes, drain pieces and fixture surfaces.
Plumbing Code	Legal requirement for plumbing installations.
Plumbing Tree	Pre-fabricated set of drain, waste, vent & supply lines.
Plunger	Clears clogged drains and toilet traps through air & water pressure image.
Pop-Up Assembly	The drain mechanism of a faucet installed on a lavatory. The drain stopper "pops" up and down.
Porcelain	A hard, white, translucent ceramic made by firing pure clay and then glazing it with variously colored fusible materials; china.
Porcelain Enamel	A glass coating fired on metal. Also called vitreous enamel.
Porcelain Sinks	Porcelain sinks are very common in order homes and are usually a porcelain coating over a base of cast iron or other metal. Porcelain sinks can be polished to a shine, but can chip if heavy items are dropped the wrong way, and some stains can be hard to remove.
Potable	Fit to drink.
Pot-Filler Faucets	A faucet that can be wall-mounted or deck mounted. It usually is a 1-hole application, with a high spout reach. Some models have swing spouts and heavy-duty restaurant-style goosenecks that hang overhead, ready to grab and be put into use for washing vegetables and rinsing dishes or pre-treating laundry. Some models are for cold water use only, and some have insulated on-off volume controls. Usually used in commercial-style kitchens and laundry rooms.
Power Snake	Electrically powered plumber's snake tool used for clearing blockages in a main drain or sewer.
Pressure Assisted Flush System	Pressure assisted toilets use the water pressure from your plumbing system to create a more forceful flush.
Pressure Balance Valves	A shower mixing valve that automatically maintains balance between hot and cold water supplies by immediately regulating fluctuations in pressure. As a result the outlet temperature remains constant.
Pressure Balanced	Pressure balanced faucets prevent scalding if water pressure on the cold side is lost. For example, if you are in the shower and the toilet is flushed, you will not get a rush of cold water.
Pressure Gauge	A gauge with an analog dial indicating the pounds per square inch (psi) of pressure that has built up within a closed container, such as a filter.
Pressure Regulator	Device installed on a water supply line to reduce water pressure.
Pressure Relief Valves	A brass or plastic, manually operated valve located at the top of a filter tank for relieving the pressure inside the filter and for removing the air inside the filter, called bleeding the filter. Also referred to as a Air-Relief valve.
Pressure-Assisted Flush System	Pressurized air forces water into the bowl when flushed reducing the chance for clogs. This system is a little noisier than the gravity-flush system, but is ideal for little children when they flush a lot of paper down the toilet. Pressure-assisted toilets can also aid in reducing excessive sweating/condensation on the outside of the tank. Also known as a flushometer tank system.
Priming Jet	Opening in bowl through which tank-supplied water flows, designed to propel waste up into the trapway.
P-Trap	The trap connecting a sink drain to the plumbing behind the wall. The P shape of the pipe traps foreign objects and prevents sewer gasses from escaping.
Pull-Chain Toilet	A toilet with a separate tank and bowl with the tank mounted to the wall high above the bowl. Also called a high-tank toilet.
Pull-Out Spray Faucets	A faucet that has a pull out spray at the tip of the spout. Models include 1-hole, 2 hole, 3-hole applications. Please refer to the individual product specifications for more information. Usually used in the kitchen but are being used in bathrooms for hair washing and baby bathing.
Pump	A mechanical device, usually powered by an electric motor, which causes hydraulic flow and pressure for the purpose of filtration, heating and circulation of pool and spa water.

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Quarter-Turn Valves

Modern, ceramic valves that are washerless and require only a quarter turn of the valve to be completely open or closed.

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Rate of Flow	The quantity of water flowing past a designated point within a specified time, such as the number of gallons flowing past a point in 1 minute - abbreviated as gpm.
Reagents	A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
Reducer	A fitting that connects pipes of different sizes together.
Reducing Tee	Also referred to as a reducing washer. Fitting for connecting pipes, either one or all of which are of different sizes.
Refill Tube	On most toilets, a refill tube directs water from the ball cock into the overflow tube to refill the bowl after the siphon break.
Refrigerator Filters	Refrigerator filters, or ice maker water filters, come complete with all the necessary hardware for installation. Refrigerator filters eliminate the problem of ice maker clogging and corrosion due to contaminants from the inline water system. By installing a filtering system you extend the life of your equipment. Each filter gives up to six months of great tasting water with average use.
Reverse Osmosis	Reverse osmosis is a method of producing pure water by forcing impure water through a semipermeable membrane across which salts or impurities cannot pass.
Reverse Trap Water Closet	A water closet having a siphonic trapway at the rear of the bowl, and integral flushing rim and jet. Minimum dimensions are 9" x 8" water spot, and 1-1/2" ball pass.
Rim Holes	Series of small holes, in the underside of a toilet rim, around the circumference of the bowl. Incoming water flows down into the bowl through these holes, creating a rinse effect, or "rim wash" over the entire inner surface of the bowl.
Riser	The straight piping attached to tub faucet valves to raise the faucet higher above the rim of the surface. Sometimes referred to as deck-mount couplers. Also, the pipe connected to the top of the tub faucet body to allow a shower head attachment.
Roll Rim / Roll Top Tub	The classic clawfoot tub with one end straight and one end rounded.
Rough-In Dimension	Distance from a finished wall or floor to the center of the waste or supply opening or mounting holes on a plumbing fixture. It also refers to a preliminary step to measure and prepare the surface to accept such piping as a drain and water supply lines.
Round Front Toilets	A more traditional bowl, the round design is ideal for bathrooms with limited space. A round front toilet bowl is generally about 2 inches shorter than the elongated bowl.

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Saddle Tee	Fitting that taps into the side of a pipe, used to make a quick connection to an existing water line.
Sanitary Bar	A sanitary bar blocks liquid from collecting under the tank at the back of the bowl.
Sanitary Fitting	Fitting that joins the assorted pipes in a drain, waste and vent system; designed to allow solid material to pass through without clogging.
Satin Nickel	A nickel finish that has been treated to dull the finish. Also known as matte nickel or brushed nickel.
Seats for Toilets	Most toilets do not include a seat. They are available for round or elongated shaped bowls, regular or contoured for more comfortable seating. They also come in many finishes such as wood, molded composition, cushioned vinyl, plastic or polypropylene.
Self-Rimming Sinks	Self-rimming sinks are mounted above the countertop. They are also called over-mounted, top-mounted or drop-in sinks. They are usually used with laminate countertops because the lip can cover the seam where two parts of the laminate are joined.
Septic Tank	A sewage-disposal tank in which a continuous flow of waste material is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria.
Shapes of Sinks	There are numerous variations of sinks available today. Single, double bowl, triple bowl, extra-deep bowl, corner sinks, specialty sinks.
Shower Enclosure	Allows a shower setup within a clawfoot tub. Typically includes a tub faucet, riser pipe, shower head, shower ring, ceiling support, and wall support.
Showerheads	There are two types of showerheads: Fixed showerheads are mounted permanently to the wall of the shower unit. And Hand-held are connected to the wall by a flexible tube or hose, allowing for a range of motion. Usually, hand-held showerheads hang from a fixed-mount bracket or a slide bar which is useful for bathing children and pets, and they make cleaning the shower and tub a breeze. Some showerheads come with a cut-off valve that allows you to stop the flow of water while shampooing.
Shutoff Valves	A stop valve on a water supply tube that cuts off the flow of water when turned. Allows water to be turned off locally without shutting off supply to entire house. Refer to Straight Stop Valves or Emergency Stop Valves.
Single Handle (lever) Faucets	A faucet that operates using the handle for operation but you may need 1 to 4 holes for installation depending on the style. I.e. for a 3-hole application, this signifies 1 hole for the spout, 1 hole for the control/handle and 1 hole for the sprayer. For a 4-hole application, this signifies 1 hole for the spout, 1 hole for the control/handle, 1 hole for the sprayer and 1 hole for the soap dispenser. Single-handle faucets, a kitchen mainstay, make for easy one-handed operation. Combined with a pull-out spray nozzle, these faucets help speed kitchen food prep and cleaning. Please refer to the individual product specifications for more information.
Single Hole Faucets	Are a faucet that operates from one source and is a combination of spout and single mixing control (handle) that moves side to side or up and down, from hot to cold and fits into one hole. Usually used on a bathroom sinks, lavatories, kitchen or bar. If you have a basin that is pre-drilled with three holes, look for a faucet style that has an optional 6" cover plate to mask the extra holes.
Single Offset Supply Lines	Supply lines that bend once from the connection at the faucet to allow for a 3-3/8" rough-in.
Single Post Faucet	A sink faucet that requires only one hole drilled on the sink or countertop.
Single Threshold	This type of shower base is used in a three wall installation with the threshold being the side with the door.
Sink	A water basin fixed to a wall, counter or floor and having a drainpipe and generally a piped supply of water.
Sink Deck	The deck of a sink is the flat part behind the bowls. The number of holes that are in the deck determines the style of faucet & accessories that your sink requires. I.e. you will need one to three holes to accommodate the taps and spigot. More holes will be needed for a hot-water dispenser, a spray accessory, if it's not integrated into the faucet, or a built-in soap dispenser. There are accessories available to cover any un-used holes so you can buy one with more holes if you're not sure what your requirements are.
Siphon Break	Point in a toilet flush when air is reintroduced into the trapway, "breaking" the siphonic action. The siphon break is usually heard as a deep gurgling at the conclusion of a flush.
Skirted	Enclosing the trapway with a smooth covering, allowing for easy cleaning and an elegant look. Also called a concealed trap.
Sleeve-Cartridge Valves	Contains a cylinder that controls the flow of water as it's lifted and turned. These systems wear well and are easy to repair because most of the parts are contained in the sleeve itself. In most cases, you simply lift out the old cartridge and drop in a new one.
Slip Fitting	Copper or plastic coupling w/o an interior ridge or shoulder. Used when repairing or extending pipe.
Slipper Tub	A clawfoot bath tub with one end of the tub extending higher than the other end.
Soft Water	Water that has a very low calcium and magnesium content (water hardness) - usually means less than 100 ppm or 6 grains.
Solder	Any of various fusible alloys, usually tin and lead, used to join metallic parts.
Solid Surface Sinks	Solid surface sinks are available in a variety of colors to coordinate with countertops. They are available in faux-granite and other high-end stones. The surface is heat and stain resistant, and most scratches buff out easily.
Spray Patterns	This refers to the pattern of the spray from the showerhead, i.e. drenching rain, fine mist, sharp spray and massaging swirl spray patterns.
Stanley Couplers	Solid brass attachments to a tub that create a flat surface and allow a faucet to be mounted almost anywhere along the curved roll rim.
Stainless Steel	Great durability, easily cleaned and lightweight.
Stainless Steel Sinks	Stainless steel sinks are easy to install and clean. They come in a wide range of styles and prices. Stainless steel scratches easily and intensifies the sound of running water and the garbage disposal, and it can also dent if a very heavy object is dropped on it. When choosing the style of sink it is important to find out what gauge, or thickness the stainless steel is. A lower gauge number indicates thicker material, which should be sturdier and quieter. Many models are undercoated to make them more soundproof.
Static Pressure	The pressure when NO water is flowing.
Steam Baths	Contains a steam generator, controls, steam head and ceiling to floor shower doors. Click here for more information Steam Baths
Stem	Part of a faucet; holds the handle at one end & the washer at the other.
Stillson Wrench	A pipe wrench with adjustable jaw. A "smooth-jawed" Stillson is recommended for use in the installation of plated plumbing fixtures to protect their finish.
Straight Stop Valves / Straight Shutoff Valves	Straight stop valves, also referred to as Emergency Stop valves, are stop valves with straight inlet and outlet piping mainly used if the connection is made through the floor and not the wall. They are usually installed before the water supply line (below) to toilets and faucets. Angle stops are to be shut off in case of an emergency or repair and are generally not designed for daily on and off usage. The difference between a straight stop and an angle stops is the angle stop changes direction by 90 degrees while a straight stop is like most valves and does not change direction.
Strap Wrench	A type of wrench with a flexible strap used to prevent scratching or damage to plated surfaces.
Street Stop	An elbow (90 degree bend) fitting that has a male end (same size as pipe) on one side and a female end (pipe fits inside this size) on the other side.
Sub-Mounted Sinks	Sub-mounted sinks are mounted below the countertop. They are also called under-mounted because there is no barrier between the countertop and the sink, so cleaning up is easier. For an integrated look, choose the same material for the sink and the countertop.
Supercoated Brass	A protective finish applied to brass to prevent tarnishing.
Supply Lines	The piping necessary to supply water to a faucet.
Sweat Soldering	Method of connecting copper tubing w/ solder & a propane torch. Also referred to as a sweated connection.
Swing Arm Couplers	Parts attached to a faucet body to allow for a greater range of installation possibilities for non-standard faucet drillings. Also referred to as swivel connectors or S-unions.

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Teflon Tape	A tape used to wrap threaded pipe fittings to create a water-tight seal.
Thermostatic Shower System	Maintains the exact temperature of the water and maintains a high water flow volume. Protects against scalds and burns with a built-in anti-scalding device (child safety feature) and allows you to customize your shower system with optional body sprays and hand shower.
Thermostatic Valves	A pressure balancing shower mixing valve with automatic temperature control. When temperature or pressure fluctuations occur at the water inlets, a thermal actuator adjusts the hot and cold ratio to maintain the original temperature setting. This is not an anti-scald device.
Toilet Seats	Most toilets do not include a seat. They are available for round or elongated shaped bowls, regular or contoured for more comfortable seating. They also come in many finishes such as wood, molded composition, cushioned vinyl, plastic or polypropylene.
Toilet Tanks	Are federally mandated to use no more than 1.6 gallons of water per flush. There are two styles of flushing systems, pressure-assisted and gravity-flush. Flush levers can be positioned on the side, front or top of the tank.
Top-Mounted Sinks	Top-mounted sinks are mounted above the counter top. They are also called over-mounted, self-rimming or drop-in sinks. They are usually used with laminate counter tops because the lip can cover the seam where two parts of the laminate are joined.
Towel Warmers	Towel warmers are either a self-contained oil-filled unit or a dry element style - like an electric radiant floor heating element. They are used to dry and warm towels and clothing, and control bathroom dampness & mildew.
Trap	A curved section of drain line that prevents sewer odors from escaping into the atmosphere. All "fixtures" that have drains must have a "P" trap installed. A toilet is the only plumbing fixture that has an "S" trap instead of a "P" trap.
Trap Seal	Height of water in a toilet bowl at rest, it provides a water seal which prevents sewer gases from entering the home. Trap seal is measured from the top of the dam, down to the inlet of the trapway.
Trapway	In a toilet, the channel, or snake-like tubing, that connects the bowl to the waste outlet. The trapway is where siphonic action takes place. The trapway is measured in terms of the largest diameter ball which can pass through it. Also referred to as passageway.
Trim	Any non-vitreous china toilet components, except the seat. Examples include ballcock, bolt caps, and trip lever.
Trip Lever	Handle which is rotated to initiate the toilet flush cycle. And can be positioned on the side, front or top of the tank.
Two-Handle Faucets	A faucet that operates using 1 handle for the hot water and 1 handle for the cold water for operation but you may need 2 to 4 holes for installation depending on the style. I.e. for a 3-hole application, this signifies 1 hole for the spout, 1 hole for the control/handle and 1 hole for the sprayer. For a 4-hole application, this signifies 1 hole for the spout, 1 hole for the control/handle, 1 hole for the sprayer and 1 hole for the soap dispenser. Please refer to the individual product specifications for more information. Usually used in the kitchen.
Two-Piece Toilets	Describes a toilet with a separate tank & bowl, secured to each other and with a separate tank cover. Also referred to as a Close-Coupled toilet.
Types of Handles	Kitchen faucets have either one handle that rotates directionally, up or down, side to side, to choose a water temperature or two handles for mixing hot and cold water. One-piece faucets either have an attached handle to the faucet unit or a handle that sits to the side, in the same position of a traditional sprayer. It can also include an integrated sprayer. Traditional faucets can feature the classic look of the rounded-X shaped tap, a more contemporary, cylindrical silhouette, or an easy-access lever shape. Lever taps are often easiest to manipulate and are accessible for people of all levels of physical ability, making them ADA compliant.

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Under-Counter Water Filters	Under-counter filters, also called under-sink filters, installed in the cabinet immediately below the sink are convenient, and automatically filter water directly from a specific faucet thus reducing the need for replacement filter cartridges. For the older home with pipes that are joined with lead soldered, under-counter filters provide maximum filtration protection for your family. Some units come complete with a faucet and a cartridge.
Under-Mounted Sinks	Under-mounted sinks are mounted below the counter top. They are also called sub-mounted because there is no barrier between the counter top and the sink, so cleaning up is easier. For an integrated look, choose the same material for the sink and the counter top.
Under-Sink Water Filters	Undersink also called under-counter filters, installed in the cabinet immediately below the sink are convenient, and automatically filter water directly from a specific faucet thus reducing the need for replacement filter cartridges. For the older home with pipes that are joined with lead solder, undersink filters provide maximum filtration protection for your family. Some units come complete with a faucet and a cartridge.
Urinal	A fixture, typically attached upright to a wall, used by men for urinating. Mostly used in retail or commercial properties.

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V

Vacuum Breaker	A small device used as an attachment to a handshower hose to prevent back siphoning of bath water - usually a plumbing code requirement.
Valves	Device that controls the flow of liquid or gas through or from a pipe. Types of plumbing valves are: compression valves, ball valves, sleeve-cartridge valves, ceramic disc valves and more.
Vanity	A bathroom cabinet that encloses a basin and its water lines and drain, usually furnished with shelves and drawers underneath for storage of toiletries.
Variable Centers	A faucet that is able to fit a range of faucet drilling centers.
Venturi	A short tube with a constricted throat used to determine fluid pressures and velocities by measurement of differential pressures generated at the throat as a fluid traverses the tube.
Vessel Filler Faucets	A faucet that can be wall-mounted or deck mounted, and usually requires 3 holes. One each for hot and cold, and one for the spout. Some models require only 2 holes with a bridge between the hot and cold. Usually 8 inch cc (center of handle-to-handle). Some models come with a combination high sprayer. Please refer to the individual product specifications for more information. Usually used in the bathroom or powder room.
Vessel Sinks	A bathroom sink that sits on top of the counter. This style harkens back to the pre-indoor plumbing days of the pitcher and wash basin atop a dresser.
Vitreous China	A nonporous, hard clay material and consists of glass that is fired to create a smooth, glassy surface. Used in the manufacture of toilets, tubs and sinks.

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Wall-Mounted Faucets	Are a faucet that is mounted on the wall and requires a separate wall-mount valve and drain, instead of being installed on the deck. They usually requires 3 holes, 1 each for hot and cold, and one for the spout. Some models require only 2 holes with a bridge between the hot and cold. Usually 8 inch cc (center of handle-to-handle). Some models have a combination high sprayer. These are used for above-the-counter and freestanding basins, or for a commercial style kitchens that require a long spout for extended reach.
Washerless Faucets	Washerless faucets are cartridge faucets, ball faucets and ceramic-disc faucets. Please refer to the individual faucet for more details.
Waste & Overflow	The complete assembly used to empty water from a tub through the overflow hole and drain hole.
Water Closet	Is another name for a Toilet, also referred to as a W.C. An old term for a toilet derived from the common placement of the toilet in a small, closet-sized room.
Water Depth	The measurement from the bottom of the drain to the bottom of the overflow hole.
Water Filter Replacement Cartridges	Replacement cartridges are made from composite media, carbon, charcoal or a combination of these materials. Each replacement cartridge will indicate the average life cycle, usually 3 months of average use. Many cartridges have a "replacement required" indicator, but you will know when you need to replace it when the water flow decreases as the filter clogs up. Some cartridges automatically turn off water supply when the old cartridge is removed.
Water Filters	A water filter is required to remove parasite contamination in big city municipal water supplies, and growing concerns about well water contamination in rural areas. It does away with the inconvenience and expense of purchasing bottled water. For freshly filtered water, connect a unit to the water line either at the main line or at a specific area such as a kitchen faucet. Water flows through a cartridge system which is made from composite media, carbon, charcoal or a combination of these materials, to remove contaminants from the drinking water supply (click here for info) . The cartridges are replaceable (refer to water filter replacement cartridges). Styles include; whole house filters, undersink and under-counter filters and refrigerator filters. There are also reverse osmosis styles. (refer to reverse osmosis).
Water Hammer	Pounding or knocking sound in water pipes, due to a sudden change in the pressure when a faucet is shut off.
Wax Ring	Donut shaped seal made of wax used at the base of toilets to prevent leakage.
Whirlpool Tub	A bathtub with a whirlpool system added. The whirlpool system recirculates the tub water and mixes in air to create hydro therapy via jet inlets i.e., body massage jets and back-rest jets.
Whole House Water Filter Systems	Whole house filters are connected to the main water line entering your home and most models are designed to remove sediment and rust particles, taste, odor and chlorine from all of the water entering your home. They work by filtering water through a cartridge system of replacement.
Widespread Faucets	Are a style of faucet that has spout and separate hot and cold water handles. Usually 8" from center of handle-to-handle, although they are available from 6" to 16" drillings for three-hole pre-drilled basins.

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Z

Zinc Alloy	More of a molded/fabricated product. Less costly to manufacture therefore cheaper to buy. Durability has not been a problem but finish-plating problems may arise.
Zud	A non-abrasive cleanser recommended for getting stains out of porcelain.

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